PPayoffPro

Learn to read options

Before building any strategy, it helps to understand the basic pieces. This page explains the essentials and how to read the payoff diagram the calculator draws.

What an option is

An option gives the right (not the obligation) to buy or sell an asset at a fixed price (the strike) until a date (the expiration). The buyer pays a premium; the seller collects it.

Calls and puts

A call gives the right to buy at the strike — it gains value when the asset rises. A put gives the right to sell at the strike — it gains value when the asset falls.

Debit and credit

A structure is a debit when you pay to open it (the typical case for a purchase), and a credit when you collect a net premium. Credit trades usually have time on their side; debit trades need the move to happen.

Breakeven

The underlying price at which the trade makes neither profit nor loss. Above or below it the result turns positive or negative, depending on the strategy. In the calculator it shows as the dashed gold line.

How to read a payoff diagram

The horizontal axis is the underlying price at expiration; the vertical axis is your result. Green is profit, red is loss, and gold ticks mark the strikes. The shape of the curve sums up the trade's risk at a glance.

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Explore the 9 strategies

Bullish bets

Debit

Bull Call Spread

Bets on a rise with capped risk and reward, paying a debit.

Credit

Bull Put Spread

Bets on a rise or sideways move while collecting a credit.

Bearish bets

Credit

Bear Call Spread

Bets on a drop or sideways move while collecting a credit.

Debit

Bear Put Spread

Bets on a drop with capped risk and reward, paying a debit.

Range-bound

Debit

Butterfly Spread

Profits from the underlying pinning a central strike, with low risk.

Debit

Condor Spread

Profits when the underlying lands in a wide range between two strikes.

Volatility

Debit

Long Straddle

Profits from a strong move in either direction.

Debit

Long Strangle

A cheaper version of the straddle to bet on volatility.

Volatility

Calendar Spread

Profits from time decay (theta) near the strike.